Climate change presents significant challenges across all sectors of industry and manufacturing, from making the production line more efficient to eliminating certain chemicals altogether from the manufacturing process. Industry will likely need to answer to the challenges of emissions reductions to adhere to forthcoming regulations, such as under the Clean Air Act, to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce waste, and to appeal to the appearances of being green, particularly for publicly traded companies. Relatively early adopters of new environmental standards will likely reap benefits of both longer-term savings through energy efficiency, and bonuses from early adherence to regulatory frameworks which can sometimes be based on the successes of early adopters. Overall, reduction of emissions by industry will likely improve the firms competitiveness on the global marketplace, for example, when fuel efficiency standards of American cars are some of the world's lowest, it will be difficult to export American auto technology abroad.